Abstract

Countries with markets in transition~n Eastern Europe have largely been perceived as developmg countries which are in need of foreign aid. Assistance has been tailored accordingly, with less regard of existing local skills. A skill which might be less familiar with market economy functions but have a good professional knowledge. The result seems to have been to much use of western experts and western hardware and less development of domestic markets to pull the changes. ?Bankable? projects have been given priority and less interest put in activities to make projects affordable for the users, The Swedish experience, however, shows that an active handling of projects can foster markets for renewable energy and energy efficiency. Such markets are forming a ground for Joint Implementation and tradeable emission rights which will be forceful instruments in the future work for a sustainable energy system.

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Panels of

Panel 1: Policy and Programmes - Who can deliver DSM?

Panel 2: Programme Evaluation

Panel 4: Human Dimensions

Panel 3: Market Transformation: Innovation, Development and Dissemination

Panel 6: Transportation, Urban Planning and Land Use

Panel 5: Energy Policy for a Sustainable Environment